Ku-polarization yamagagasi kagesi

Indawo lapho umumo nobukhulu benkambu kagesi ye-electromagnetic wave ishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ibizwa nge-polarization in optics.Uma lolu shintsho lunomthetho oqondile, lubizwa nge-polarized electromagnetic wave .

(ngemuva kwalokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-polarized wave)

Amaphuzu angu-7 abalulekile okufanele wazi mayelana "ne-electromagnetic wave polarization" yilawa:

1. I-electromagnetic wave polarization ibhekisela esakhiweni lapho umumo nobubanzi bendawo kagesi ye-electromagnetic wave intensity ishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-polarization in optics.Uma lolu shintsho lunomthetho oqondile, lubizwa nge-polarized electromagnetic wave (ngemuva kwalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi i-polarized wave).Uma ukuqina kwenkundla kagesi yegagasi elizibuthe elihlukanisiwe lihlala liqondiswe endizeni (eguquguqukayo) eqonde lapho kubhekiswa khona, futhi indawo yokugcina ye-vector yensimu kagesi ihamba ngethrekhi evaliwe, leli gagasi elizibuthe le-polarized libizwa ngokuthi i-plane polarized wave.I-sagittal trajectory yensimu kagesi ibizwa ngokuthi ijika le-polarization, futhi igagasi le-polarization liqanjwe ngokuvumelana nokuma kwejika le-polarization.

2. 2. Kugagasi le-polarized plane eyodwa, ijika le-polarization liyi-ellipse (elibizwa ngokuthi i-polarization ellipse), ngakho libizwa ngokuthi i-elliptical polarized wave.Kubhekwa kusukela ekusakazeni, uma isiqondiso sokujikeleza se-vector yensimu kagesi sihamba ngewashi, esivumelana nomthetho we-helix olungile, kubizwa ngokuthi i-wave polarized wave;Uma isiqondisindlela sokuzungezisa siphambene newashi futhi sihambisana nomthetho we-helix kwesokunxele, kubizwa ngokuthi igagasi le-polarized wave kwesokunxele.Ngokusho kwemingcele yejometri ye-polarization ellipse (bona imingcele yejometri ye-polarization ellipse), igagasi le-elliptical polarization lingachazwa ngobuningi, okungukuthi, isilinganiso se-axial (isilinganiso se-axis ende kuya ku-eksisi emfushane), i-polarization i-angle yokuqondisa (i-oblique angle ye-eksisi ende) kanye nesiqondiso sokujikeleza (ukujikeleza kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele).I-elliptical polarized wave ene-axial ratio elingana no-1 ibizwa ngokuthi i-circular polarized wave, futhi ijika layo le-polarization liyindilinga, elingaphinde lihlukaniswe libe yizikhombisi-ndlela ezingakwesokudla noma kwesokunxele.Ngalesi sikhathi, i-polarization direction angle ayiqinisekile, futhi i-oblique angle ye-orientation yokuqala ye-vector yensimu kagesi ithathelwa indawo.Igagasi le-elliptical polarization i-axial ratio yalo livame ukungapheli libizwa ngokuthi i-linear polarization wave.I-orientation ye-vector yayo yensimu kagesi ihlale iqondile, futhi i-oblique angle yalo mugqa oqondile isiqondiso se-polarization.Ngalesi sikhathi, isiqondiso sokujikeleza silahlekelwa incazelo futhi sithathelwa indawo yisigaba sokuqala sokuqina kwensimu kagesi.

3. Noma yiliphi igagasi le-elliptical polarization lingaboliswa libe yisamba segagasi eliyindilinga eliyindilinga elingakwesokudla (elimelwe uphawu lonyawo R) kanye negagasi eliyisiyingi eliyindilinga elingakwesokunxele (elimelwe uphawu lonyawo L).Uma igagasi elihlukanisiwe ngomugqa lihlukaniswa libe amaza amabili ayindilinga anezikhombisi-ndlela zokuzungeza eziphambene, ama-amplitude awo ayalingana futhi umumo wawo wokuqala uyalingana nalowo wamagagasi agqagqene agqamile.

4. Noma yiliphi igagasi le-elliptical polarization lingaphinda liboliswe libe yisamba samagagasi amabili agqagqanisiwe ane-polarized orthogonal.Ngokuvamile, elinye lamagagasi ahlukanisiwe ngokwemigqa liqondiswe endizeni evundlile (futhi i-perpendicular to the propagation direction), ebizwa ngokuthi igagasi eli-polarized ovundlile (elimelwe uphawu lonyawo h);Ukuma kwelinye igagasi elenziwe nge-polarized ngasikhathi sinye ku-perpendicular kumumo nesiqondiso sokusakazeka kwegagasi elimhlophe elivundlile elingenhla, elibizwa ngokuthi igagasi elimhlophe eliqondile (elimelelwe uphawu lonyawo V) (i-vector yenkundla kagesi yegagasi elihlukanisiwe eliqondile liqondiswe eduze komugqa wokuqondisa kuphela lapho isiqondiso sokusakazeka sisendizeni evundlile).Amavektha enkundla kagesi wezingxenye ezimbili zamagagasi ahlukanisiwe ane-amplitude ehlukene kanye nesamba sesigaba sokuqala esihlukile.

5. Igagasi elifanayo le-elliptical polarization lingachazwa ngobuningi hhayi kuphela ngamapharamitha wejometri we-polarization ellipse, kodwa futhi ngamapharamitha phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili eziphikisanayo ezijikelezayo ze-polarization eyindilinga noma izingxenye ezimbili ze-orthogonal zomugqa we-polarization.Imephu yendingilizi ye-polarization empeleni iwukuboniswa kwamapharamitha ahlukene we-polarization endaweni eyindilinga endizeni yenkabazwe.I-antenna edlulisa futhi ethola amaza kagesi kagesi inezici eziqondile ze-polarization, ezingaqanjwa ngokusho kwe-electromagnetic wave polarization lapho isetshenziswa njenge-antenna edlulisayo.

6. Ngokuvamile, ukuze kuzuzwe ukudluliswa kwamandla aphezulu phakathi kokudlulisa nokwamukela izinti, ukudlulisa nokwamukela izinti ezinezakhiwo ezifanayo ze-polarization kufanele zisetshenziswe.Lesi simo sokucushwa sibizwa nge-polarization matching.Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuze ugweme ukufakwa kwegagasi elithile le-polarization, iuthienezici ze-orthogonal polarization isetshenziswa, njenge-antenna ye-polarization orthogonal ukuya kumagagasi e-polarization avundlile;I-antenna yesandla sokudla eyindilinga eyi-polarized i-orthogonal kumagagasi ajikelezayo angakwesokunxele.Lesi simo sokumisa sibizwa nge-polarization isolation.

7. Ukuzihlukanisa okungaba khona phakathi kwamagagasi amabili ahambisanayo we-orthogonal polarization kungasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zokuhlukanisa kabili.Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa uthi olulodwa olunomsebenzi we-dual polarization ukuze uthole ukudluliswa kweziteshi ezimbili noma i-transceiver duplex;Ama-antenna amabili ahlukene e-orthogonal polarization asetshenziselwa ukubona ukwamukela ukuhlukahluka kwe-polarization noma ukubhekwa kwe-stereoscopic (njengefilimu ye-stereo).Ukwengeza, ezinhlelweni zokuthola ulwazi ezifana nokuzwa okukude kanye nokubonwa kwethagethi ye-radar, indawo ye-polarization yamagagasi ahlakazekile inganikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe ngaphandle kobude nolwazi lwesigaba.

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