Imvamisa yesignali ekusetshenzisweni kwe-radar yezimoto iyahlukahluka phakathi kuka-30 no-300 GHz, ngisho naphansi njengo-24 GHz.Ngosizo lwemisebenzi ehlukene yesekethe, lawa masignali adluliselwa ngobuchwepheshe bolayini bokudlulisa obuhlukene obufana nemigqa ye-microstrip, imigqa ye-strip, i-substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) kanye ne-grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW).Lobu buchwepheshe bomugqa wokudlulisela (Umfanekiso 1) buvamise ukusetshenziswa kumafrikhwensi e-microwave, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kumaza wamagagasi amamilimitha.Kudingeka izinto zokwakha ze-circuit laminate ezisetshenziselwa lesi simo esiphakeme kakhulu.Ulayini we-Microstrip, njengobuchwepheshe besekethe yomugqa wokudlulisa olula futhi ovame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, ungafinyelela izinga eliphakeme leziqu zesifunda ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokucubungula isekethe.Kodwa uma i-frequency iphakanyiselwa ku-millimeter wave frequency, ingase ingabi ulayini wokudlulisa wesekethe ongcono kakhulu.Ulayini kagesi ngamunye unezinzuzo zawo kanye nokubi.Isibonelo, nakuba ulayini we-microstrip kulula ukuwucubungula, kufanele uxazulule inkinga yokulahlekelwa kwemisebe ephezulu uma usetshenziswa ku-millimeter wave frequency.
Umfanekiso 1 Lapho ushintshela ku-millimeter wave frequency, abaklami besekethe ye-microwave badinga ukubhekana nokukhetha okungenani kobuchwepheshe bezintambo zokudlulisa ezine kumafrikhwensi e-microwave.
Yize ukwakheka okuvulekile komugqa we-microstrip kulungele ukuxhumana ngokomzimba, kuzodala nezinkinga ezithile kumafrikhwensi aphezulu.Kulayini wokudlulisa we-microstrip, amaza kagesi kagesi (EM) asakaza nge-conductor ye-circuit material kanye ne-dielectric substrate, kodwa amanye amaza kagesi asakaza emoyeni ozungezile.Ngenxa yenani eliphansi lika-D lomoya, inani elisebenzayo lika-Dkt lesekethe liphansi kunalelo lempahla yesifunda, okufanele icatshangelwe ekufanisweni kwesifunda.Uma kuqhathaniswa no-D ophansi, amasekhethi enziwe ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze- Dk avame ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kwamagagasi kagesi futhi anciphise izinga lokusakazeka.Ngakho-ke, izinto zokujikeleza eziphansi ze-Dok zivame ukusetshenziswa kumasekethe wamagagasi angamamilimitha.
Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinga elithile lamandla kazibuthe emoyeni, isifunda somugqa we-microstrip sizophumela ngaphandle emoyeni, sifana ne-antenna.Lokhu kuzodala ukulahleka kwemisebe okungadingekile kusekethe yomugqa we-microstrip, futhi ukulahlekelwa kuzokhula ngokunyuka kwemvamisa, okuphinde kulethe izinselele kubaklami besekethe abafunda ulayini we-microstrip ukuze bakhawulele ukulahleka kwemisebe yesekethe.Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwemisebe, imigqa ye-microstrip ingakhiwa ngezinto zesekethe ezinamavelu aphezulu ka-Dk.Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kuka-Dk kuzonciphisa izinga lokusakazeka kwamagagasi kagesi (okuhlobene nomoya), okubangele ukushintsha kwesigaba sesiginali.Enye indlela ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwemisebe ngokusebenzisa izinto zesekethe ezacile ukucubungula imigqa ye-microstrip.Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto eziwugqinsi zesekethe, izinto zesekethe ezacile zingenwa kalula nomthelela we-copper foil surface roughness, okuzophinda kubangele ukushintsha kwesigaba esithile sesiginali.
Nakuba ukumiswa kwesekethe yomugqa we-microstrip kulula, isifunda somugqa we-microstrip kubhendi yegagasi yemilimitha sidinga ukulawula ukubekezelelana okunembile.Isibonelo, ububanzi be-conductor obudinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile, futhi ukuphakama kwemvamisa, ukubekezelelana kuzoba nzima kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, umugqa we-microstrip ku-millimeter wave frequency band uzwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula, kanye nobukhulu bezinto ze-dielectric kanye nethusi endabeni, futhi izidingo zokubekezelela usayizi wesifunda odingekayo ziqinile kakhulu.
I-Stripline ubuchwepheshe bomugqa wokudlulisa wesekethe obuthembekile, obungadlala indima enhle kufrikhwensi ye-millimeter wave.Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nolayini we-microstrip, umqhubi we-stripline uzungezwe okuphakathi nendawo, ngakho akulula ukuxhuma isixhumi noma ezinye izimbobo zokufaka/zokukhiphayo kumugqa wokuhluthula ukuze kudluliselwe isignali.I-stripline ingathathwa njengohlobo lwekhebula eliyisicaba le-coaxial, lapho umqhubi osongwa ngongqimba lwe-dielectric bese embozwa nge-stratum.Lesi sakhiwo singanikeza umphumela wokuhlukaniswa kwesifunda sekhwalithi ephezulu, ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusakazwa kwesignali kumpahla yesifunda (kunokuba emoyeni ozungezile).I-electromagnetic wave ihlale isakaza ngezinto zesekethe.Isekethe ye-stripline ingenziwa ngokuhambisana nezici zesekhethi, ngaphandle kokucabangela ithonya lamagagasi kagesi emoyeni.Kodwa-ke, umqhubi wesifunda ozungezwe okuphakathi usengozini yoshintsho ekucubunguleni ubuchwepheshe, futhi izinselele zokuphakela isignali zenza kube nzima ukuthi umugqa we-strip ubhekane nakho, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwesimo sosayizi omncane wesixhumi ku-millimeter wave frequency.Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwamasekethe athile asetshenziswa kuma-radar ezimoto, imigqa ehlutshiwe ngokuvamile ayisetshenziswa kumasekhethi amagagasi angamamilimitha.
Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinga elithile lamandla kazibuthe emoyeni, isifunda somugqa we-microstrip sizophumela ngaphandle emoyeni, sifana ne-antenna.Lokhu kuzodala ukulahleka kwemisebe okungadingekile kusekethe yomugqa we-microstrip, futhi ukulahlekelwa kuzokhula ngokunyuka kwemvamisa, okuphinde kulethe izinselele kubaklami besekethe abafunda ulayini we-microstrip ukuze bakhawulele ukulahleka kwemisebe yesekethe.Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwemisebe, imigqa ye-microstrip ingakhiwa ngezinto zesekethe ezinamavelu aphezulu ka-Dk.Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kuka-Dk kuzonciphisa izinga lokusakazeka kwamagagasi kagesi (okuhlobene nomoya), okubangele ukushintsha kwesigaba sesiginali.Enye indlela ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwemisebe ngokusebenzisa izinto zesekethe ezacile ukucubungula imigqa ye-microstrip.Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto eziwugqinsi zesekethe, izinto zesekethe ezacile zingenwa kalula nomthelela we-copper foil surface roughness, okuzophinda kubangele ukushintsha kwesigaba esithile sesiginali.
Nakuba ukumiswa kwesekethe yomugqa we-microstrip kulula, isifunda somugqa we-microstrip kubhendi yegagasi yemilimitha sidinga ukulawula ukubekezelelana okunembile.Isibonelo, ububanzi be-conductor obudinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile, futhi ukuphakama kwemvamisa, ukubekezelelana kuzoba nzima kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, umugqa we-microstrip ku-millimeter wave frequency band uzwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula, kanye nobukhulu bezinto ze-dielectric kanye nethusi endabeni, futhi izidingo zokubekezelela usayizi wesifunda odingekayo ziqinile kakhulu.
I-Stripline ubuchwepheshe bomugqa wokudlulisa wesekethe obuthembekile, obungadlala indima enhle kufrikhwensi ye-millimeter wave.Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nolayini we-microstrip, umqhubi we-stripline uzungezwe okuphakathi nendawo, ngakho akulula ukuxhuma isixhumi noma ezinye izimbobo zokufaka/zokukhiphayo kumugqa wokuhluthula ukuze kudluliselwe isignali.I-stripline ingathathwa njengohlobo lwekhebula eliyisicaba le-coaxial, lapho umqhubi osongwa ngongqimba lwe-dielectric bese embozwa nge-stratum.Lesi sakhiwo singanikeza umphumela wokuhlukaniswa kwesifunda sekhwalithi ephezulu, ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusakazwa kwesignali kumpahla yesifunda (kunokuba emoyeni ozungezile).I-electromagnetic wave ihlale isakaza ngezinto zesekethe.Isekethe ye-stripline ingenziwa ngokuhambisana nezici zesekhethi, ngaphandle kokucabangela ithonya lamagagasi kagesi emoyeni.Kodwa-ke, umqhubi wesifunda ozungezwe okuphakathi usengozini yoshintsho ekucubunguleni ubuchwepheshe, futhi izinselele zokuphakela isignali zenza kube nzima ukuthi umugqa we-strip ubhekane nakho, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwesimo sosayizi omncane wesixhumi ku-millimeter wave frequency.Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwamasekethe athile asetshenziswa kuma-radar ezimoto, imigqa ehlutshiwe ngokuvamile ayisetshenziswa kumasekhethi amagagasi angamamilimitha.
Umfanekiso wesi-2 Ukuklama nokulingisa komqhubi wesekethe ye-GCPW kuwunxande (ngaphezulu kwesibalo), kodwa umqhubi ucutshungulwa abe yi-trapezoid (ngezansi kwesibalo), okuzoba nemiphumela ehlukile kufrikhwensi yegagasi lamamilimitha.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezisafufusa zesekethe ye-millimeter wave ezizwelayo ekuphenduleni kwesigaba sesignali (njenge-radar yezimoto), izimbangela zokungahambisani kwesigaba kufanele zincishiswe.Isekhethi ye-GCPW yamagagasi emilimitha isengozini yoshintsho ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula, okuhlanganisa izinguquko senani lika-Dk elibalulekile kanye nogqinsi lwe-substrate.Okwesibili, ukusebenza kwesifunda kungase kuthinteke ubukhulu be-conductor yethusi kanye nobukhulu obungaphezulu be-foil yethusi.Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu be-conductor yethusi kufanele bugcinwe ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana okuqinile, futhi ubulukhuni bobuso be-foil yethusi kufanele buncishiswe.Okwesithathu, ukukhetha kokumbozwa kwendawo kusekethe ye-GCPW kungase futhi kuthinte ukusebenza kwegagasi eliyimilimitha lesekethe.Isibonelo, isekethe esebenzisa ikhemikhali yegolide ye-nickel inokulahleka kwe-nickel okuningi kunethusi, futhi ungqimba olungaphezulu olunamapulangwe e-nickel luzokhuphula ukulahleka kwe-GCPW noma umugqa we-microstrip (Umfanekiso 3).Okokugcina, ngenxa yobude obuncane begagasi, ukuguqulwa kogqinsi lwe-coating kuzophinde kubangele ukuguqulwa kwempendulo yesigaba, futhi ithonya le-GCPW likhulu kunalelo lomugqa we-microstrip.
Umfanekiso 3 Ulayini we-microstrip kanye nesekhethi ye-GCPW eboniswe emfanekisweni zisebenzisa impahla yesekethe efanayo (i-Rogers' 8mil thick RO4003C ™ Laminate), umthelela we-ENIG kusekethe ye-GCPW likhulu kakhulu kunalelo elikulayini we-microstrip kufrikhwensi yegagasi eliyimilimitha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-05-2022
